Only %5 of Universe is matter

These strands link up and form knots, where hot gas cools and condenses to form star-forming galaxies.

After comparing all of the X ray data with the optical observations, researchers were able to find that the galaxies had belonged to various filaments.

This galaxy cluster demonstrates what other studies have previously shown: That the distribution of ordinary matter in the universe is not homogenous, and that it is instead determined by gravity.

Researchers at the University of Geneva used XMM space telescope to examine Abell 27444, a massive cluster of galaxies boasting a freaky distribution of glowing dark matter in its center.

Scientists from the University of Geneva have discovered new details that explain what the universe is made of. With gas temperatures of 1020 million degrees celsius, the filaments are much colder than the centre of the cluster, where the gas reaches 100 million degrees, but hotter than the average temperature in the cosmic web, estimated to be several million degrees.

Earlier predictions pointed to a “cosmic web” as the answer to the unseen ordinary matter in the universe.

The scientists made the finding by examining Abell 2744, often called the Pandora Cluster, which is made up of merging galaxies. Scientists are now taking a closer look and have found that the majority of missing ordinary matter is found in the form of a very hot gas associated with intergalactic filaments.

In the end, the researchers measured for the first time ever the temperature and density of these filaments.

Dr Mathilde Jauzac, of the Institute for Computational Cosmology, said: “We initially looked at the inner core of Abell 2744 with the Hubble Space Telescope, with the aim of using the cluster as a strong magnifying lens to detect background galaxies that would be otherwise too faint to observe”. For that, the filamentary regions will have to be studied more closely. The telescope, named Athena, should be operational in the mid-2020s.

For examining the evidence available now, the European Space Agency (ESA) in partnership with UNIGE, Switzerland, is building a brand new space telescope.